Surgical Oncology
Colon Cancer
Colon cancer is a type of cancer that originates from the inner lining of the large intestine and mostly develops on the basis of an adenomatous polyp. Screening programmes for those over 50 markedly increase early diagnosis.
Overview
The cornerstone of treatment is surgical resection; the segment containing the tumour and its associated lymph nodes are removed. Adjuvant chemotherapy is planned according to stage and risk status. Survival is markedly higher in early stages.
Who Is It For?
- Those with complaints of blood in the stool, alternating constipation and diarrhoea, or weight loss
- Cases of polyps or cancer detected at screening colonoscopy
- Individuals with a family history of colon cancer
- Carriers of a genetic predisposition such as Lynch syndrome or FAP
- Middle-aged and older patients presenting with anaemia (particularly iron deficiency)
Treatment Process
- 1
Pre-Assessment & Diagnosis
The diagnosis is confirmed and the stage of the disease clarified through a detailed history, physical examination and the necessary imaging and laboratory tests.
- 2
Planning & Preparation
An anaesthesia consultation, bleeding profile and review of any accompanying conditions are carried out; a multidisciplinary council decision is taken when needed.
- 3
Procedure / Operation
The procedure is performed with the technique most suitable for the patient (laparoscopic, robotic or open); tissue integrity and oncological principles are preserved.
- 4
Follow-up & Monitoring
Early mobilization, pain control and wound monitoring are provided; suture removal and a general assessment check-up are planned after discharge.
Recovery & Aftercare
With the ERAS protocol, early mobilisation and nutrition are achieved, shortening the recovery time.
Hospital Stay
3–6 days
Recovery Time
2–4 weeks
Follow-up
Day 10, week 6, month 3
Frequently Asked Questions
Does finding a polyp at colonoscopy mean cancer?
No. A polyp is not cancer; however, some types of polyps can turn into cancer over time. They are important because they should be removed and followed up regularly.
Will a bag (stoma) be created after surgery?
Most colon cancer operations do not require a stoma. A temporary stoma may be created in cases of emergency obstruction, perforation or some low rectal cancers.
Is adjuvant chemotherapy applied to every patient?
No. Chemotherapy is standard for stage 3 and high-risk stage 2 patients. For low-risk stage 1 to 2 cases, follow-up is generally sufficient.
How often is a colonoscopy performed?
For individuals without risk factors, it is recommended every 10 years starting at age 50. The frequency varies according to family history and the polyp situation.
The medical information on this page has been reviewed by Prof. Dr. Vahit Onur Gül. Last updated: 31 Temmuz 2026.
This information is for general guidance only and does not replace examination, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult your physician about your symptoms.
Content officer / site editor: vahitonurgul@hotmail.com